Canasta

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For the Chicago indie-rock band, see Canasta (band).

Canasta

Origin

Argentina

Type

Matching

Players

4

Skills required

Tactics & Strategy

Cards

108 cards

Deck

French

Play

Clockwise

Card rank (highest to lowest)

A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4

Playing time

60 min

Random chance

Medium

Related games

Buraco Biriba

Canasta (Spanish for "basket";
pronounced /kəˈnæstə/
in English) is a card game
of the rummy family of games believed to be a variant of 500 Rum. Although many
variations exist for 2, 3, 5 or 6 players, it is most commonly played by four in
two partnerships with two standard decks of cards. Players attempt to make melds
of 7 cards of the same rank and "go out" by playing all cards in their hand. It
is the only partnership member of the family of Rummy games to achieve the
status of a classic.

The game of Canasta was devised by attorney Arturo Ramos Segovia in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1938.[1]
In the 1940s the game quickly spread in a myriad of variations to Chile, Peru, Brazil and Uruguay,[1]
where its rules were further refined[2]
before being introduced to the United States in 1948, where it was then referred
to as the Argentine Rummy game by Ottilie H. Reilly in 1949 and Michael
Scully of Coronet Magazine in 1953.[3]
The game quickly became a card-craze boom in the 1950s[4]
providing a sales avalanche of card sets, card trays and books about the
subject.[5]

Contents

1 Rules for original
Canasta

1.1 The cards and
deal

1.2 The play

1.2.1 Melds and
canastas

1.2.2 Initial
melds

1.2.3 Picking up the
discard pile

1.2.4 Going
out

1.3 The scoring

1.3.1 With
canastas

1.3.2 Without
canastas

2 Canasta for two or three
players

3 US American
Canasta

3.1 Setup and
play

3.2 Melding
rules

3.3 Other scoring
rules

4 Samba

5 Other “National”
Canastas

5.1 Bolivian
Canasta

5.2 Brazilian
Canasta

5.3 Chilean
Canasta

5.4 Cuban
Canasta

5.5 Italian
Canasta

5.6 Uruguayan
Canasta

6 Boat
Canasta

7 Hand & Foot
Canasta

7.1 Hand &
Foot

7.1.1 Variations

8 Miscellaneous
variations

9 Bibliography

10 See also

11 References

12 External
links

[edit]
Rules for original
Canasta

[edit]
The cards and deal

The game is for two to six players, either each player for themselves or in
teams of two (only for four or six player games). If partners are chosen they
must sit opposite each other. Canasta uses two complete decks of 52 playing
cards (French Deck) plus the four Jokers. All the Jokers and
deuces (twos) are wild cards.

Point values for cards in Canasta

Card

Value

3♦, 3♥

100 (200 each if all four held)

3♣, 3♠, 4, 5, 6, 7

5

8, 9, 10, J, Q, K

10

2 (Wild), A

20

Joker (Wild)

50

The initial dealer is chosen by drawing cards from the deck, highest draw
dealing first (Joker beats all, Deuce beats Ace, Threes lose to all). The deal
then rotates clockwise after every hand. The dealer shuffles the pack, the
player to the dealer's right cuts, and the dealer deals out 11 cards to each
player.

The remaining cards are left in a stock in the center of the table. The top
card from the stock is turned over to form the discard pile. If this first card
is a black three or a wild card, the discard pile is frozen (explained in
picking up the discard pile, below). Additional cards from the stock are turned
over to the top of the discard pile until the top card of the discard pile is
neither a three nor a wild card.

Any player who receives a red three in their initial hand must immediately
play it to the table team and draw a new card to their hand.

[edit]
The play

The player to the dealer's left has the first turn, and play then proceeds
clockwise. A turn begins either by drawing the first card from the stock into
the player's hand or by picking up the entire discard pile. However, there are
restrictions on when you can pick up the discard pile. (See Picking up the
discard pile, below.) If the card drawn from the stock is a red three, the
player must play it immediately and draw another card.

The player may then make as many legal melds as they wish from the cards in
their hand. A turn ends when the player discards one card from their hand to the
top of the discard pile.

[edit]
Melds and canastas

Each player/team keeps separate melds of the various ranks of cards. A player
may never play to an opponent's meld. A legal meld consists of at least three
cards of the same rank. Suits are irrelevant except that black threes are
treated differently from red threes. Wild cards can be used as any rank except
for threes. Threes may never be melded.

A meld must consist of at least two natural cards, and can never have more
wild cards than natural cards (and therefore more than three wild cards).
Examples: 5-5-2 and 9-9-9-2-2-Joker are legal melds. 5-2-2 is not a legal meld
as it contains only one natural card. 9-9-2-2-2-Joker is not legal as it
contains more wild cards than natural cards.

A canasta is a meld of at least seven cards, whether natural or mixed. A
natural canasta is one that comprises only natural cards. A mixed canasta (or
dirty canasta) is one that comprises both natural and wild cards.

[edit]
Initial melds

When a player/team has not yet made any melds in a hand, that player must
meet an additional point score requirement to make their first meld(s). The sum
of the values of the cards played in the player's turn must equal or exceed the
minimum initial meld requirement according to the player/team's total score:

Team score

Minimum initial meld

Negative

15

0 - 1495

50

1500 - 2995

90

3000 and above

120

Example: If a player/team has a score of 1600 and has not yet made any melds
in a hand, an initial meld of 6-6-6, K-K-K-2 cannot be made as it scores only 65
points and the requirement is 90. A meld of 6-6-6, A-A-A-2 would score 95 points
and can be played. Note that both initial melds can be played if the team's
total score is below 1500, and that neither can be played if the team's total
score is 3000 or higher.

[edit]
Picking up the discard
pile

At the beginning of their turn, a player may pick up the entire discard pile
instead of drawing a card from the stock. They may only pick up the discard pile
if they can use the top card either in an existing meld or by making a new meld
along with two other cards from their hand.

If a wild card has previously been discarded to the pile, the discard pile is
frozen. When the discard pile is frozen, it may only be picked up if the player
can meld the top card with two natural cards of the same rank in the player's
hand.

In addition, the player/team must meet the initial meld requirement using the
top card of the discard pile in order to pick up the pile. Only the top card is
relevant for the player/team to pick up the rest of the discard pile.

If a wild card or a black three is on top of the discard pile, it may not be
picked up

[edit]
Going out

A player may go out by using all the cards in their hand only if that
player/team has made one or more canastas. The player may go out only by melding
all cards but one and discarding the final card. If the player/team has not yet
made any canastas, the player may not make a play which would leave them with no
cards in their hand at the end of their turn. The hand ends immediately when a
player goes out. If the card can be played you are not out.

When considering going out, a player may ask their partner for permission to
go out; however, the player must abide by the partner's answer. If the partner
refuses permission, the player may not go out this turn. If the partner responds
"yes", the player must go out this turn.

If a player has three or more black threes in his hand, they may be melded at
this time and if the stock is completely depleted when a player is required to
draw a card, it is reversed and play continues.

[edit]
The scoring

At the end of each hand, the score for each team is calculated as
follows:

[edit]
With canastas

The total value of all cards melded by that player/team, including cards in
canastas minus the total value of all cards remaining in the team's hands plus
any bonuses:

Bonus scores

Going out

100

Each mixed canasta

300

Each natural canasta

500

Each red three, up to three

100

If all four red threes are held

800

[edit]
Without canastas

The total value of all the cards in the player/team's hand(s) plus all the
cards on the player/team's table is subtracted from the total.

The bonuses for red threes are subtracted from a team's score rather than
added if the hand ends without that team having made any canastas. That is, if a
team has three red threes but has not made any canastas at the end of a hand,
the team will suffer a penalty of 300 points rather than gaining a 300 point
bonus.

The game ends when a player/team's total score reaches 5000 or above. The
team with the highest total score at this point wins.

There is a special case where any player/team that manages to meld 7 canastas
in one hand (natural or mixed) automatically gain 5000 points and thus win the
game.

[edit]
Canasta for two or
three players

Canasta can be played with less than four players with some variations in the
rules. The most significant changes are in the number of cards dealt at the
beginning of the hand and the fact that each person plays individually. In a
game with three players, each player receives 13 cards, and in a two player game
each player receives 15 cards and each player draws two cards on each of their
turns and discards one. Alternatively each player can draw only one card. If
each player draws two cards, it can be required that a player must have two
canastas in order to go out.

However, note that in three-player game the pile can be lost if one of your
opponents discards a card that lets the other of your opponents pick it up. In
two-player and two-team games you lose the pile only if your own team discards a
card that lets the opponents pick it up.

[edit]
US American Canasta

This version of Canasta is widespread, especially in the United States, and it was
the official tournament version used by the (possibly defunct) American Canasta
Association. American Canasta can be found in few books. One notable exception
is Scarne's Encyclopedia of
Card Games, where the author claims to have invented a game which he calls
International Canasta. Most of the elements of Modern American Canasta can be
found in Scarne's International Canasta, although there are some
differences.

Due to its relative complexity and unforgiving scoring rules, which give
large penalties for many melds that would be acceptable and even good in other
versions, this may not be the best version for beginning players; "classic"
canasta or Hand & Foot may better serve this purpose. (On the other hand,
these versions can teach habits that become major liabilities in American
canasta.) This version is only meant to be played by exactly four players, in
two two-person partnerships. Important differences between this version and the
"classic" version include:

[edit]
Setup and play

13 cards are dealt to each player, then two face down groups of cards are
dealt on either side of the draw pile and discard pile, one with four cards
and one with three. The latter are referred to as the talons or
wings. The discard pile itself starts out empty. The wings are never
revealed, scored or otherwise permitted to affect the game in any way; their
purpose seems to be to make the game less predictable by creating some
uncertainty about the composition of the deck.

The draw-two-cards rule is not used. Two canastas are required to
go out. Play is to 8500.

Initial meld requirements are higher - 125 for teams with less than 3000
points, 155 for teams with 3000 or more but less than 5000, 180 thereafter.
Moreover, somewhere in your initial meld must be a matching set of three
natural cards, though you are allowed to have wild cards in this meld in
addition to the natural cards.

Melding a complete canasta, however, is always considered to meet the
initial meld requirement, regardless of the point values of the cards
involved. (There is no other bonus for such a play.)

The discard pile is always frozen. Many groups do not allow taking the
pile and making your team's initial meld on the same turn; those that do allow
this, require you to make the initial meld first, then take the pile.
(The latter was the "official" tournament rule). This can be done on the
strength of a pair of natural cards that were already melded that turn, or by
producing such a pair from your hand after having met the initial meld
requirement without it.

There are some limitations on legal discards. Threes can't be discarded,
except as your final discard when going out; the same is true of wild cards.
If the discard pile is empty, aces and sevens can't be discarded. It is
possible (though very unlikely), however, to be in a situation where you have
only wild cards, or only aces, sevens and wild cards with an empty discard
pile. In this case you may make such a discard (aces or sevens if possible,
wild cards only if there is no other choice - never a three under any
circumstances). However, an opponent may challenge the legality of such a
play, in which case you must show the opponent your hand to verify that the
play was in fact legal.

Both red and black threes may be played to the table as red threes can in
"classic" canasta. Unlike in other versions of canasta, this is optional. As
in other versions, a player who plays a three draws a replacement
card.

[edit]
Melding rules

Melds that do not include sevens or aces work as in "classic" canasta,
except that such melds can include at most two wild cards rather than
three.

Melds of more than seven cards are strictly forbidden, as are duplicate
melds of the same rank by the same team. This has a few strategic
implications; for example, it is impossible to pick up the pile on the
strength of a pair of (say) jacks in your hand if your team already has a meld
of five jacks, natural or otherwise.

One common exception, is to allow melds of 8 or more cards when going out.
Skilled players will play a wild card on an existing canasta for the win.

Sequences (such as those that define Samba, described above) are not legal
melds and play no role in the normal play of American Canasta. The closest
thing to a sequence that is normally allowed is one of the Special Hands,
described below.

Melds of sevens cannot include wild cards. A canasta of sevens is worth
2500 points rather than the usual 500. However, if the hand ends without your
team completing this canasta, your team loses 2500 points. Retaining
three or more sevens in your hand is nearly as bad, carrying a penalty of
1500.

Aces are treated the same way as sevens, with one exception. If your
team's initial meld includes aces, wild cards may be added at that time; if
this is done, the aces are treated like any other meld rather than being
treated in the special way sevens are. Otherwise, all the same rules,
including the potential penalties, apply to aces as to sevens.

Melds consisting entirely of wild cards are legal, much like in the
aforementioned Bolivia variant. A canasta consisting of wild cards is worth
3000 points if it consists entirely of twos, 2500 points if it contains all
four jokers, or 2000 points for any other combination. However, failing to
complete a canasta once such a meld is made carries a 2000 point penalty.

It is legal to meld certain special hands as your team's first and
only meld. These are hands of exactly 14 cards which you can conceivably have
after drawing your card for the turn. If a team plays a special hand, the play
ends immediately; the team scores only the points for the special hand (there
are no penalties for the cards in the other partner's hand). This is also the
only time a player is allowed to not discard a card; even when going out, a
player must otherwise have something to discard. There is considerable
variation in what special hands are allowed and how they are scored. Among the
most commonly accepted special hands are the following (these are the ones
that were legal in the tournament version):

Straight - one card of every rank, including a three (the reason
you are allowed to retain threes in your hand), plus a joker. This is worth
3000.

Pairs - seven pairs, which either do not include wild cards
(worth 2500), or include twos, sevens and aces (all three must be
present - this combination is worth 2000).

Garbage - Two sets of four of a kind and two sets of three of a
kind, which do not include any wild cards or threes. For example,
4-4-4-4-7-7-7-9-9-9-9-J-J-J would be considered a Garbage hand. This is
worth 2000.

[edit]
Other scoring rules

Yet another variation on scoring threes is used. Scoring is 100 for one
three of a particular colour, 300 for two, 500 for three or 1000 for four; red
threes and black threes are counted separately. This is a penalty if your team
has no canastas at the end of the hand (and for this purpose threes in your
hand count as though they were on the table), ignored entirely if your team
has exactly one canasta, and a bonus if your team has two or more
canastas.

If your team has no complete canastas when the play ends, any cards that
have been melded count against that team, in addition to any of the above
penalties that may apply. A team with at least one canasta gets positive
points for these cards as usual.

[edit]
Samba

Samba is a variant of Canasta, played with three decks, including jokers, for
a total of 162 cards. 15 cards are dealt to each of four players, and an
additional card is turned up. The game is to 10,000 points instead of 5,000.
Samba allows sequence melds of three or more (for example, the 4, 5, and 6 of
hearts or the Queen, King and Ace of Spades). If a player is able to make a
sequence of seven (for example, the 5 through Q of diamonds), this is a
samba and is worth 1,500 points. Rather than four red threes being worth
800 points; six red threes are worth 1,000 points. Two wild cards is the maximum
allowed for a meld. The minimum initial meld is 150 if a partnership has 7,000
or more

[edit]
Other
“National” Canastas

[edit]
Bolivian Canasta

Bolivian Canasta is similar to Samba, as it uses three decks and sequence
melds.[6]
Play is to 15,000. Wild card canastas (bolivias) count 2,500. A side must
have a samba (called escalera in this game) and at least one other
canasta to go out. Red threes only count positive if two or more canastas have
been melded. Black threes are negative 100 instead of negative 5 when left in
hand.

[edit]
Brazilian Canasta

Similar to Bolivia, but only to 10,000. The minimum meld requirements are 150
from 5,000 to 7,000; a canasta from 7,000 to 8,000; 200 from 8,000 to 9,000; and
a natural canasta from 9,000 up. Wild card canastas count 2,000. Partnerships
receive 1,000 for five red threes and 1,200 for all six. If a side has a
sequence of five cards or less, it loses 1,000.

[edit]
Chilean Canasta

Allows both sambas and bolivias. Can be played with either
three decks (162 cards) or four decks (216 cards)

[edit]
Cuban Canasta

A two-deck variant to 7,500. Requires 150 for an initial meld if a
partnership is over 5,000. The deck is always frozen. Wild card canastas are
worth between 2,000 and 4,000; depending on the number of deuces. Threes are
scored only if canastas are made; they count 100 for one, 300 for two, 500 for
three and 1,000 for four. Black threes are removed from play if a discard pile
is taken; a partnership that removes all four black threes this way gets 100
points.

[edit]
Italian Canasta

Italian canasta is a Samba variant. The number of cards in the discard pile
at the beginning of the game varies with the initial card turned up. The discard
pile is always frozen. Deuces may, but a partnership may not play deuces as wild
cards if deuces have been melded and a canasta is incomplete. Game is to
12,000

[edit]
Uruguayan Canasta

This is regular canasta with two variants

The deck is always frozen

Canastas made solely of wild cards are allowed. They are worth 2,000
points

[edit]
Boat Canasta

This variation originates in Slovakia. Since the definition of Canasta rules
differed from player to player a strong urge has risen for unified rules. This
in turn was satisfied by the creation of Boat Canasta, which really is a mix of
other known rules, but thoroughly optimized. Currently this variant of Canasta
is steadily gaining popularity mainly in Slovakia, but also in countries such as
France, Germany and England.

[edit]
Hand & Foot
Canasta

This version is a quad deck game that is played with a hand and a foot,
unlike traditional canasta that just has a hand.

[edit]
Hand & Foot

Hand & Foot is a Canasta variant involving four to six decks
rather than two and is played by teams of two players (usually two teams, but it
also works with three or four teams). The number of decks used is typically one
more than the number of players, though this can vary. Due to the larger pool of
available cards, it is much easier to form canastas in Hand & Foot than in
standard Canasta, which changes the strategy considerably. Some players feel
this version is more enjoyable for beginners. The variant was born in the 1970s;
commercial decks to play Hand & Foot have been available since 1987.
Important rule changes for this variant include:

Each player is dealt a hand of 11 and a second hand of 13, usually
referred to as the "hand" and the "foot", respectively. The hand with the
lowest bottom card is played first.

Once a player plays all cards from their first hand, they pick up the
second and continue their turn. A player discarding the last card from their
first hand picks up the second and can begin playing from it on their next
turn.

On each turn, players draw two cards from the stock. Each player discards
one card on each turn.

A team may not go out until each member has played one card from the
second hand and all threes have been discarded. The number of canastas
required to go out varies. It can be at least two red and at least three
black, or at least two black and at least three red canastas. Some variants
allow a wildcard canasta, and then the requirement can be at least one black
canasta, at least one red canasta, and a wild card canasta. When playing a
singles game (that is, without partners), the requirement is one red canasta
and one black canasta.

No discards may be picked up. Some variants allow picking up discards with
a natural pair, but a player may take at most seven cards from the discard
pile. Still some variants allow you to pick up a discard, but only if you pick
up the whole deck (à la gin
rummy)

Black threes do not count any points and are thus useful only as discards;
however, you may not go out with one in your hand. The same is true of
red threes; in fact these are even worse. Red threes count 300 to 500 points
each against you, the amount depending on local variation, if you hold
any in your hand (or foot) when a team goes out.

[edit]
Variations

Hand & Foot itself has several variations. The following is a list of
other rules that might be in place:

Both the hand and foot are dealt as 11 cards each, or sometimes as 13
cards each.

Instead of dealing the cards, the "dealer" simply shuffles the decks and
places the stock in a pile. Each player in turn, starting with the one to the
dealer's left, takes a stack of cards from the top of the pile. The player
then separates this stack into their hand and foot, each of which will contain
11 cards. If the player drew exactly 22 cards, their team scores 100 bonus
points. Otherwise, additional cards are returned to the stock or drawn as
necessary to reach the two 11-card hands. Once all players have formed their
hands and feet, play begins normally with the player to the dealer's
left.

After the deal (but before looking at the cards), each player turns up the
top card of each hand. He then selects one hand to keep as his "foot", and
passes the other to the player on his left. Each player then picks up the hand
passed to him and plays it as the "hand".

If a player is currently in their foot, and is able to play the top
discard, then they may pick up the entire discard pile instead of drawing two
cards from the stock. This is the only method by which discards can be picked
up. Note that a player picking up the pile will almost certainly collect
several black threes, which makes it a risky maneuver if the opponents are
able to go out soon.

A player currently in their foot may choose to pass, or "float", rather
than discard at the end of their turn (the rest of the turn plays as normal).
This allows the player to play all but one card but still avoid going out. A
player might also wish to float to avoid breaking a pair, or to avoid
discarding a card that might be favorable to the opponents, or some other
strategic reason.

Rules for going out vary considerably. In all cases, some number of
canastas, possibly of specific types (red, black, or wild) are required.
Beyond that, some versions require both teammates to be in their foot, while
others allow you to go out even if your partner is still in their hand (though
points in their foot still count against you, possibly with an additional 100
point penalty). Some versions relax the "no threes" rule and/or the "must play
at least one card from foot" rule stated above. In addition, some versions
require asking for and receiving your partner's permission before going out,
while other versions specifically disallow asking, and still others give you
the option to ask or not (as in standard Canasta).

A red canasta can contain no more than 7 cards, while a black canasta can
grow to unlimited size as long as the number of natural cards exceeds the
number of wild cards. Wild cards may be added to black canastas even after 7
cards have been established, so long as the number of natural cards exceeds
the number of wild cards.

In some versions, eights are worth only 5 points (instead of 10 as is
standard for Canasta). Black threes are often valued as 5 points rather than
nil, though they can only be negative since threes cannot be played. Red
threes may also vary in point value, although 500 or 100 are most common.

In many variations, there are "dirty" canastas (represented by a black
card, dirty meaning having one or more wild card) and "clean" (represented by
a red card, clean meaning having no wild cards). Usually the requirement to go
out is 2 clean and 1 dirty, although this often varies; variations played like
this often have very few other restrictions about what can be drawn and how
you can go out.

[edit]
Miscellaneous
variations

It is fairly common for a different number of cards other than 11 to be
dealt out at the beginning of the game, 13 and 15 also being common choices.
Some groups vary the number of cards drawn inversely with the number of
players.

To make picking up the discard pile more challenging, always require that
a natural pair matching the top card be played on the same turn that the pile
is picked up (i.e., the pile is always frozen). This variant is sometimes
referred to as Uruguayan Rummy

A concealed canasta occurs when a canasta is revealed out of a
players hand.

One variant allows melding up to three wild cards in a meld, regardless of
the number of natural cards melded.

Allowing canastas made entirely of wild cards (this is allowed in
Uruguayan and Bolivian Rummy),

Require that two canastas be played in order to go out in four-player, as
well as two- and three- player.

Variation on the above: Require one or both to be natural canastas.

Note on the above: In most cases this prevents a 'concealed hand' from
being played, but it is still possible if a player picks up the discard pile
and is able to use all or all but one of the cards and meld two
canastas. Consider increasing the concealed canasta bonus to 250 or 500
points to reflect the increased difficulty of such a play.

When the stock is depleted, consider flipping over the discard pile and
turning it into a new stock to extend play. If the stock and discard pile are
both depleted, continue as if the stock were depleted under normal rules.

Play with a modified deck, such as six, two, or zero jokers, or only 7 of
each meldable card.

For a faster-paced game that de-emphasizes the importance of picking up
the discard pile, draw two cards rather than one each turn. This is especially
common in two-player games.

When dealing, if the dealer takes the correct amount of cards off the
stock to complete the deal, and he has no cards in his hand after dealing the
first card to start the discard pile, he scores a bonus of 100 points.

Require that all players with less than 1500 points meld 50, even with a
negative score.

Require the player behind (to the right of) the dealer cut the deck
leaving the bottom separate from the top. The dealer then uses the bottom pile
to deal from. If the cutter left the exact number of cards needed to deal to
all players plus the one initial card for the draw pile, that team gets 100
points.

When picking up the discard pile, only the top card can be used in this
turn. The remaining cards picked up can then be used in subsequent
turns.

[edit]
Bibliography

Culbertson, Ely, Culbertson on Canasta: a Complete Guide for Beginners
and Advanced Players With the Official Laws of Canasta, Faber 1949

Holmberg, H.H. and Öhrling, Erkki, Canasta, Samba ja Sitoumussamba,
1962

Scarne, John, Scarne's Encyclopedia of Card Games, 2001

Wastrack, Harry, The Essential Hand & Foot, Xlibris
Corporation, 2005

Morehead, Albert, Hoyle's Rules of Games (Third edition), Signet,
2001

[edit]
See also

Rummy

Desmoche

Mille (card
game)

Continental
(card game)

[edit]
References

^ a
b
American Heritage Dictionary Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries: English Words That Come
from Spanish, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (2007), ISBN
0618910549

^ John Scarne,
Scarne on Card Games, pg. 127, Dover Publications
(2004), ISBN
0486436039

^ John
Griswold, Ian Fleming's James Bond: Annotations And Chronologies for Ian
Fleming's Bond Stories, pg. 228, AuthorHouse (2006), ISBN
1425931006

^ Nikki Katz,
The Everything Card Games Book, pg. 52, Adams Media
(2004), ISBN
1593371306

^ LIFE
Magazine, Life, 19 December (1949)

^ Giampiero
Farina, Alessandro Lamberto, Enciclopedia delle carte. La teoria e la pratica di oltre 1000
giochi, pg. 82, Ulrico Hoepli Editore S.p.A. (2006), ISBN
88-203-3672-3 (Italian)

[edit]
External links

How Stuff Works - How to Play Canasta

Canasta at Pagat.com

Forum and Condensed Rules for Canasta

History of Canasta

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canasta"

Categories: Anglo-American
playing card games | Canasta

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